| Core Claim | Presentation / Document | STPA Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| More Complete Requirements | Comparison of the FMEA and STPA safety analysis methods | "STPA found more potential causes of the hazards considered... identified 19 safety requirements that were not in either of the two official NextGen analysis documents." |
| Less Time Required | A System Theoretic Application for Medical Diagnostic Devices | "able to distinguish more than twice the number of system level hazards with considerable less time and resources." |
| More Efficient | Integrating STPA in Large Organizations | "STPA provided requirements at multiple levels more efficiently than a system element fault analysis did... effective in finding missing requirements especially early in concept phase." |
| Comparing STPA and FMEA | Comparison of FMEA and STPA safety analysis methods | "With regard to software hazards, STPA found more hazards than FMEA. With regard to component interaction hazards, STPA found some hazards, however, FMEA did not find any distinct hazards." |
| More Effective | JAXA Evaluation of STPA | "Because the HTV was originally developed using fault tree analysis and following the NASA standards for safety-critical systems, the results of our ... STPA can be compared. [...] STPA identified the failures in the existing fault tree analysis but STPA also identified additional causal factors which had not been identified in the existing FTA." Most of the STPA insights were related to system design flaws and to software. |
| More Effective | STAMP Introduction 2018 | "In all cases where a comparison was made... STPA found the same hazard causes as the old methods. Plus it found more causes... Cost was orders of magnitude less." |
| Outperforms Common Methods | STPA for the Ballistic Missile Defense System Software Challenges in Achieving Space Safety |
"STPA found so many flaws during just a limited three month analysis that deployment was delayed for six months to fix the newly identified hazardous scenarios." |
| More Effective/Efficient | Hazard Analysis of Collision Avoidance System Using STPA | "STPA has proved to be an effective and efficient hazard analysis method for assessing the safety of a safety-critical system […] the reason for the effectiveness of STPA is that it considers and greatly focuses on the control commands or events and their feedbacks … instead of focusing on individual component failures"
"Our positive experiences with STPA suggest that performing both steps 1 and 2 in a group of both domain experts and risk analysts increase the discussion opportunities and lead to a more effective process and more in- depth results. We experienced that the identified risks and hazards had more technical depth and constituted a better view on the analyzed system safety." |
| More Scalable with Complexity | Hazard Analysis: Application of STPA to Ship-to-Ship Transfer | "A traditional hazard analysis tool, such as HAZOP or FMEA, cannot investigate the lack of complex systems properly... STPA is established to evaluate the safety of such complex systems. |
| More Descriptive | Applying STPA in Development of Autonomous Container Handling Machinery | "STPA emphasizes consideration of the context... leading to more descriptive scenarios than HAZOP... HAZOP focuses only on deviations, whereas STPA also looks at issues in the intended operation." |
| More Effective | Regulator Evaluations... | Catastrophic design flaws were found by STPA, including conditions that would cause dual engine shutdowns. The traditional methods (e.g., FHA, FTA) had missed these scenarios. The STPA results were not widely disseminated at the time. A few years after the STPA results, the exact scenarios started happening in operation. The fix was to implement the STPA-generated technical requirements from years prior. |
| Less Time Required | EPRI Nuclear Study | STPA took less time and fewer resources to perform than traditional methods. |
| More Effective | Comparing STPA and FMEA | "Of the 137 causes found by STPA, 53 causes were not covered by FMECA." Many of the STPA insights involve software behavior and flawed interaction." |
| Applicable Early | STPA for ISO26262 | "STPA is a top-down process and the detailed design of item is not necessary to be known before applying STPA to the item." "We believe that STPA can support the HARA process in ISO 26262 activities and help the functional safety engineers to develop the functional safety requirements for each item identified at an early stage in the concept phase based on the results of the STPA." |
| Applicable Early | A Systems-Theoretic... | "By starting the STPA analysis early in the development process at a high level of abstraction, a wide variety of different types of scenarios can be identified." |
| Higher Return on Investment | When STPA Results Surprise You | "STPA cost for this application: $2,400. Value added: Identifying and addressing the $1m design flaw. ROI: 416." |
| More Effective for Security | System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA- Sec) | "Generate more scenarios with more interactive complexity... STPA-Sec scenarios help identify functional vulnerabilities... [Identifies] successful attacks that will delay pulse feedback [missed by traditional threat models." |
| More Guidance | Application of STPA in Radiation Therapy: a Preliminary Study | STPA offers more guidance in understanding human-related hazards... STPA adds new hazards and safet -related recommendations to existing HFMEA results. |
| STPA for Compliance with ISO26262 | Using STPA in ISO26262 | Compared to HARA, STPA is strong on Human Error, Software failure, Interaction failure, and Environmental Error. |
| More Effective | Empirical Evaluations of STPA in the Aviation Industry | STPA identifies 30 additional scenarios that were missed w/ standard methods [in certified engine control]... The TCM flaws exactly match the STPA findings by other teams years earlier. |
| More Complete Requirements | Safety Assessment of Complex, Software-Intensive Systems | "Improves upon the human-system interaction aspect of safety assessment [...] We illustrate the effectiveness of this new methodology by an analysis of the NextGen "In-Trail Procedure in Oceanic Airspace" [...] STPA derives some additional safety requirements beyond those in the Operational Safety Analysis (OSA) of DO-312." |
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